<p style="text-align: justify;">Preface 1. Turco-Armenian controversy and conspiracy theories <em>Conspiracy Theories on the Adana Incident: Prototypes – Rehashed Theories: The Armenian Version – Rehashed Theories: The Turkish Version – A Disputable Document: the “Report” of Agop Babikyan – A Disputable Documents: The Memoirs of Mehmed Asaf.</em> 2. The Adana province during the nineteenth century <em>The Land of Derebeys – The ‘Reform Division’ and the Beginning of the Centralized Administration – Cotton Export and the Development of Agrarian Economy – Massive Colonization during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century – Land Accumulation – Emergence of New Local Bosses: The </em>Ağas <em>–</em><em>The Plight of Muslim Peasants </em><em>– A Multi-Ethnic Society and the Ethnic Division of Labour – Turco-Armenian Relations</em> 3. The Young Turk revolution and its impact on the Adana province <em>CUP Takeover of Power and its Weakness – Ambivalent Characters of the CUP Adana Branch – The New Provincial Government – Anti-CUP Sentiment among the Muslims – Struggle between the Pro- and Anti-Cevad blocks – Muslim-Armenian Tensions after the Revolution – The Smuggling of fire arms – Armenian cultural activities and their side-effects.</em> 4. A hidden agenda: Demographic warfare and land disputes <em>Armenian Nationalism and the Muslim reaction – Demographic dimension – Rising tension in communal relations – Repeated dispute over the Taylan Çiftliği – New Demographic Pressure after the Young Turk Revolution – Dispute over the Armenian land ownership after the Revolution – The repercussions of the land dispute over Armeno-Muslim relations.</em> 5. The April incidents in Adana <em>The Hovannes Affair and the Excitement of the Muslim Population – The Outbreak of Hostilities – Defence of the Armenians – Muslim Mob – How the Provincial Government Reacted – The End of the Initial Hostilities and an Interlude – The Second Incident.</em> 6. Riots and massacres in the countryside <em>The Hamidiye Incident – The Tarsus Inferno – The Attack of Kozoluk – The Disturbance in the Cebel-i Bereket – The retreat of the Hasanbeyli Armenians – The siege of Dörtyol – The Kozan Prefecture.</em> 7. The aftermath <em>The Casualties – The Relief and Reconstruction Works – A Farewell to Conspiracy Theories.</em> Bibliography</p>