Preface Chapter One : Capitulations, Consulates, and the Eastern Crisis of the 1820s Chapter Two : William Meyer in Prevesa: Pashas and Rebels Chapter Three : John Cartwright in Constantinople: Consular and Commercial Complications Chapter Four : Francis and Nathaniel Werry in Smyrna: Chios, Piracy, and Russophobia Chapter Five : Henry Salt and John Barker: Notes from Cairo, Alexandria, and Aleppo Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index Illustrations and map 1. Map: Ottoman Empire in Asia after 1792 2. Sultan Mahmud II, artist unknown 3.Ali Pasha of Ioannina, by Louis Dupré, 1819 4. “Massacre at Chios,” by Eugène Delacroix, 1824 5. Henry Salt, by John James Halls, c. 1815 6. Consul Francis Werry (1745-1832) 7. Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt, portrait from 1840s, artist unknown Credit for No: 6 and cover: Tom Rees, Merchant Adventurers in the Levant: Two British Families of Privateers, Consuls, and Traders, 1700-1956 (Stawell, Somerset: Talbot, 2003) Cover: View of the Tovn and Bay of Smyrna, 1818.