<p style="text-align: justify;">Preface. Acknowledgements. Note on Transliteration and Dates. Abbreviations.<strong> Part one: Abdülhamid</strong><strong> II, Islam and the Arabs.</strong> Introduction. 1. Opposition to the Ottoman Caliphate. 2. Abdülhamid II and Arab Dignitaries in Istanbul. Muhammed Zāfir al-Madani. Abulhuda al-Sayyadi. Sayyid Fazl Pasha. <strong>Part two: Syria</strong><strong> during the Early Years of Abdülhamid</strong><strong> II.</strong> 3. Syria and Cevdet Pasha. 4. Midhat Pasha and the Reforms in Syria. 5. Hamdi Pasha and the Consolidation of State Authority in Syria. <strong>Part three: The Hijaz during the Early Years of Abdülhamid</strong><strong> II.</strong> 6. The Hijaz and the Emirate of Hüseyin Pasha in Mecca. 7. The Last Emirate of Sharif Abdulmuttalib in Mecca. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.</p>