A Study In The Theory And Practice Of Destabilization: Violence And Strategies Of Survival In Ottoman Macedonia (1903-1913)

1. I. Introduction

   Concepts, goals, methods

   The location

   General remarks

2. II. The background to the tension and the komitadji phenomenon

   Conflict types – general overview

   The escalation of the conflicts

   Some temporal and spatial patterns of četa activity

   Četa types and their origins

   The social background and functions of the revolutionary       organizations

   Financial sources

   Methods of rule

3. III. Violence in Skopje Sanjak

   Everyday violence

   The practice of destabilization – other forms of violence

4. IV. Conflict types in Prizren Sanjak

   General tendencies

   Traditional banditry – weakening central power

   Banditism vs. the state authorities

   The state treatment of Banditism – a successful solution?

   Violence as an alternative source of income for Ottoman state officials

   Conflicts indirectly generated by the competition between the Powers

   The case of the Bogoslovie in Prizren (1899-1900)

   Protests against the opening of new consulates and trade agencies

   Actions against sacred places during Christian festivals

   The Albanian village vs. the town

   Conflicts stemming from border positions

5. V. Local strategies of coexistence and survival, the politics of neighbouring states and the attempts of the Ottoman government and Great Powers to restore peace

   Scratching the surface: exit strategies — Symptoms of economic breakdown or of collapsing public security?

   The macroeconomic situation before 1903 and attempts at reform

   Prevailing agrarian (social) problems after 1903

   The response To the challenge I: The central government and local society

   The četa problem reloaded

   Community-level response to the changes II: The strategy of the Serbs in Macedonia

   Strategies of intimidation and strategies of survival

6. VI. Epilogue

   Notes in the margin: the limits to Muslim-Christian cooperation

   The new order

Bibliography Index